MOBILE NETWORK GROWTH PATH

GENERATION

Ø  The nomenclature of the cellular wireless generations (G) generally refers to a change in the fundamental nature of the service, non-backwards compatible transmission technology, and new frequency bands.

Ø   New generations have appeared about every ten years since the first move from 1981 analog (1G) to digital (2G) transmission in 1992.

Ø  This was followed, in 2001, by 3G multi-media support, spread spectrum transmission and peak throughputs of 200 kbit/s; and in 2011 by 4G, which refers to all-IP switched networks, mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission. 

1G

What is 1G?

Ø  First generation refers to the analog “brick phones” and “bag phones” as they were first introduced for mobile cellular technology. Cell phones began with 1G and signify first generation wireless analog technology standards that originated in the 1980s

Ø  Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Ø  FDMA TECHNOLOGY using analog signal- 800 Mhz

2G

What is 2G?

Ø  2G signifies second generation wireless digital technology. Fully digital 2G networks have replaced analog 1G, which originated in the 1980s.

Ø   2G networks first commercially began on the Global System for Mobil Communications, or GSM, standard.

Ø  GSM and CDMA TECHNOLOGY

Ø  TDMA technology – digital signal  

Ø  2G APPLICATION - Text message, Picture Message, MMS,

Ø  Internet(General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)

Ø  frequency 850MHz- 1900MHz (890-915MHz in India)

3G

 What is 3G?

 Ø  3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and technology. 3G supersedes 2G technology and precedes 4G technology. Current 3G systems have been established through ITU’s project on International Mobile Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000).

Ø  3G technologies have enabled faster data transmission speeds, greater network capacity and more advanced network services. In May 2001, NTT DoCoMo (Japan) launched the first pre-commercial 3G network – branded as FOMA. Following the first pre-commercial launch, NTT DoCoMo again made history on October 1, 2001, with the first commercial launch of 3G in Japan.

Ø  GSM evolution (1.8GHz to2.5GHz)

Ø  Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS)

Ø  GSM EVOLUTION is HSPA protocol (high speed packet access)

Ø  3G application - Text Message, Picture Message, MMS, Internet (General Packet Radio Service (GPRS)), video conferencing, GPS

4G

Ø  4G is the term used to refer to the fourth generation of mobile wireless services that has been defined by the ITU and its Radio communication Sector (ITU-R) and established as an agreed upon and globally accepted definition in IMT-Advanced.

Ø  The ITU has developed requirements for a technology to be considered IMT-Advanced, which is the next-generation wireless technology. An IMT-Advanced cellular system must fulfill the following requirements. 

Ø  LTE (LONG TERM EVOLUTION) – 2GHZ – 8GHZ

 

 

Ø  Based on an all-IP packet switched network

Ø  Peak data rates of up to approximately 100 Mbit/s for high mobility such as mobile access and up to approximately 1 Gbps for low mobility such as nomadic/local wireless access, according to the ITU requirements

Ø  Dynamically share and use the network resources to support more simultaneous users per cell

Ø  Scalable channel bandwidth 5–20 MHz, optionally up to 40 MHz

Ø  Peak link spectral efficiency of 15 bit/s/Hz in the downlink, and 6.75 bit/s/Hz in the uplink (meaning that 1 Gbps in the downlink should be possible over less than 67 MHz bandwidth)

Ø  System spectral efficiency of up to 3 bit/s/Hz/cell in the downlink and 2.25 bit/s/Hz/cell for indoor usage

Ø  Smooth handovers across heterogeneous networks

Ø  Ability to offer high quality of service for next generation multimedia support